Store parser errors, source range filenames, source code filenames,
module source, and Rust parser errors as UTF-16 where they flow back
into JavaScript-visible strings. Keep byte-oriented source buffers
byte-backed.
Remove temporary PrimitiveString, ByteString, and UTF-8 detours from
JSON, RegExp, module debug logging, print formatting, and tests.
Problem: Converting an object with a pathologically-deep prototype chain
to a primitive was segfaulting.
Cause: Object::internal_get implements [[Get]] by recursing into the
prototype’s [[Get]] (parent->internal_get) when the property isn’t an
own property. For a sufficiently deep prototype chain, that C++
recursion exhausts the native stack, and segfaults. The bytecode
interpreter’s call-stack limit doesn’t cover this native recursion.
Fix: Before recursing into the prototype in Object::internal_get, check
VM::did_reach_stack_space_limit(), and throw a CallStackSizeExceeded
InternalError — the same way the interpreter and other recursive runtime
operations guard the native stack. The deep-chain get now throws a
catchable call-stack-size-exceeded error, rather than crashing.
Fixes https://github.com/LadybirdBrowser/ladybird/issues/3584
Add a JSObjectStorage heap partition and route heap-backed property
storage (both named and indexed element buffers) through it.
These buffers are directly shaped by script-visible object and array
operations, so keeping them separate from the general heap makes a
corruption primitive less useful against unrelated allocations.
The `CopyDataProperties` AO is used to implement object spread syntax.
The generic path calls `[[OwnPropertyKeys]]` to materialize a key list
and then performs a separate lookup through ``DescriptorArray::find()`
for every key.
For ordinary objects we now instead walk the shape in insertion order
and read each value directly by its storage offset, avoiding both the
key-list allocation and the per-key descriptor lookups. The fast path
is guarded to ordinary objects with no intrinsic accessors, no exotic
indexed access, packed-or-simpler indexed storage, and no excluded
values, falling back to the generic algorithm otherwise.
This is roughly 2x faster on a tight object spread microbenchmark.
Enable -Wexit-time-destructors for all in-tree library targets and
update process-lifetime library statics so they no longer register
exit-time destructors. Long-lived caches, lookup tables, singleton
registries, and generated constants now use NeverDestroyed or leaked
references where the data is intended to live until process exit.
Update LibWeb, LibLine, and the binding generators so regenerated
sources follow the same rule instead of reintroducing destructed
statics.
Similar to GC::Root<T>, make GC::RootVector<T> constructible without
explicitly passing a Heap.
This is implemented by having RootVectorBase use GC::Heap::the() for
heap-free construction.
Replace the lazy per-shape OrderedHashMap cache for non-dictionary
shapes with a GC-allocated descriptor array. Store descriptors in hash
order for lookup while keeping an enum index so callers can still walk
properties in insertion order.
Keep dictionary shapes on the mutable OrderedHashMap path, and migrate
callers that enumerated Shape::property_table() to the new insertion
order iterator. Cap descriptor arrays to their compact u16 index range
and keep larger dictionary shapes on the mutable table path across
prototype transitions and prototype clones.
Add coverage for setting the prototype of a dictionary object with more
than 65536 named properties.
The element-by-element loop compiled to scalar 8-byte moves that the
compiler could not vectorize: source and destination alias, and strict
aliasing prevented hoisting the m_indexed_elements pointer load out of
the loop body. memmove collapses the shift into a single vectorized
copy.
NativeFunction previously stored an AK::Function for every builtin,
even when the callable was just a plain C++ entry point. That mixed
together two different representations, made simple builtins carry
capture storage they did not need, and forced the GC to treat every
native function as if it might contain captured JS values.
Introduce RawNativeFunction for plain NativeFunctionPointer callees
and keep AK::Function-backed callables on a CapturingNativeFunction
subclass. Update the straightforward native registrations in LibJS
and LibWeb to use the raw representation, while leaving exported
Wasm functions on the capturing path because they still capture
state.
Wrap UniversalGlobalScope's byte-length strategy lambda in
Function<...> explicitly so it keeps selecting the capturing
NativeFunction::create overload.
Cache the flattened enumerable key snapshot for each `for..in` site and
reuse a `PropertyNameIterator` when the receiver shape, dictionary
generation, indexed storage kind and length, prototype chain
validity, and magical-length state still match.
Handle packed indexed receivers as well as plain named-property
objects. Teach `ObjectPropertyIteratorNext` in `asmint.asm` to return
cached property values directly and to fall back to the slow iterator
logic when any guard fails.
Treat arrays' hidden non-enumerable `length` property as a visited
name for for-in shadowing, and include the receiver's magical-length
state in the cache key so arrays and plain objects do not share
snapshots.
Add `test-js` and `test-js-bytecode` coverage for mixed numeric and
named keys, packed receiver transitions, re-entry, iterator reuse, GC
retention, array length shadowing, and same-site cache reuse.
Increase indexed element growth from 25% to 50% so lazily realized
holey arrays need fewer reallocations and copies during dense fills.
This keeps the lazy length model from paying as much incremental growth
overhead on benchmarks that pre-size with Array(length) and then write
sequentially within bounds.
Treat setting a large array length as a logical length change instead of
forcing dictionary indexed storage or materializing every hole up front.
This keeps dense fills on Array(length) on the holey indexed path and
only falls back to sparse storage when later writes actually create a
large realized gap.
The asm indexed get/put fast paths assumed holey arrays always had a
materialized backing store. Guard those paths with a capacity check so
lazy holey arrays fall back safely until an index has been realized.
Add regression coverage for very large holey arrays and for densely
filling a large holey array after pre-sizing it with Array(length).
Use mimalloc for Ladybird-owned allocations without overriding malloc().
Route kmalloc(), kcalloc(), krealloc(), and kfree() through mimalloc,
and put the embedded Rust crates on the same allocator via a shared
shim in AK/kmalloc.cpp.
This also lets us drop kfree_sized(), since it no longer used its size
argument. StringData, Utf16StringData, JS object storage, Rust error
strings, and the CoreAudio playback helpers can all free their AK-backed
storage with plain kfree().
Sanitizer builds still use the system allocator. LeakSanitizer does not
reliably trace references stored in mimalloc-managed AK containers, so
static caches and other long-lived roots can look leaked. Pass the old
size into the Rust realloc shim so aligned fallback reallocations can
move posix_memalign-backed blocks safely.
Static builds still need a little linker help. macOS app binaries need
the Rust allocator entry points forced in from liblagom-ak.a, while
static ELF links can pull in identical allocator shim definitions from
multiple Rust staticlibs. Keep the Apple -u flags and allow those
duplicate shim symbols for LibJS and LibRegex links on Linux and BSD.
Arrays created via new Array(N) or by setting .length start as Holey
since their elements are not present. After sequential fill (e.g.
for (i=0; i<N; i++) a[i]=v), all holes are filled but the array
remained Holey, preventing the Packed fast paths in the asm
interpreter from triggering.
Now, whenever indexed_put() writes to the last index of a Holey
array, we scan for remaining holes and promote to Packed if none
are found. Only checking on writes to the last index avoids O(N^2)
scanning on partial fills while still catching the common
sequential fill pattern.
Replace the OwnPtr<IndexedPropertyStorage> indirection with inline
indexed element storage directly on Object. This eliminates virtual
dispatch and reduces indirection for indexed property access.
The new system uses three storage kinds tracked by IndexedStorageKind:
- Packed: Dense array, no holes. Elements stored in a malloced Value*
array with capacity header (same layout as named properties).
- Holey: Dense array with possible holes marked by empty sentinel.
Same physical layout as Packed.
- Dictionary: Sparse storage using GenericIndexedPropertyStorage,
type-punned into the m_indexed_elements pointer.
Transitions: None->Packed->Holey->Dictionary (mostly monotonic).
Dictionary mode triggers on non-default attributes or sparse arrays.
Object keeps the same 48-byte size since m_indexed_elements (8 bytes)
replaces IndexedProperties (8 bytes), and the storage kind + array
size fit in existing padding alongside m_flags.
The asm interpreter benefits from one fewer indirection: it now reads
the element pointer and array size directly from Object fields instead
of chasing through OwnPtr -> IndexedPropertyStorage -> Vector.
Removes: IndexedProperties, SimpleIndexedPropertyStorage,
IndexedPropertyStorage, IndexedPropertyIterator.
Keeps: GenericIndexedPropertyStorage (for Dictionary mode).
Replace the 24-byte Vector<Value> m_storage with an 8-byte raw
Value* m_named_properties pointer, backed by a malloc'd allocation
with an inline capacity header.
Memory layout of the allocation:
[u32 capacity] [u32 padding] [Value 0] [Value 1] ...
m_named_properties points to Value 0.
This shrinks JS::Object from 64 to 48 bytes (on non-Windows
platforms) and removes one level of indirection for property access
in the asm interpreter, since the data pointer is now stored directly
on the object rather than inside a Vector's internal metadata.
Growth policy: max(4, max(needed, old_capacity * 2)).
Property lookup cache entries previously used GC::Weak<T> for shape,
prototype, and prototype_chain_validity pointers. Each GC::Weak
requires a ref-counted WeakImpl allocation and an extra indirection
on every access.
Replace these with GC::RawPtr<T> and make Executable a WeakContainer
so the GC can clear stale pointers during sweep via remove_dead_cells.
For static PropertyLookupCache instances (used throughout the runtime
for well-known property lookups), introduce StaticPropertyLookupCache
which registers itself in a global list that also gets swept.
Now that inline cache entries use GC::RawPtr instead of GC::Weak,
we can compare shape/prototype pointers directly without going
through the WeakImpl indirection. This removes one dependent load
from each IC check in GetById, PutById, GetLength, GetGlobal, and
SetGlobal handlers.
Replace individual bool bitfields in Object (m_is_extensible,
m_has_parameter_map, m_has_magical_length_property, etc.) with a
single u8 m_flags field and Flag:: constants.
This consolidates 8 scattered bitfields into one byte with explicit
bit positions, making them easy to access from generated assembly
code at a known offset. It also converts the virtual is_function()
and is_ecmascript_function_object() methods to flag-based checks,
avoiding virtual dispatch for these hot queries.
ProxyObject now explicitly clears the IsFunction flag in its
constructor when wrapping a non-callable target, instead of relying
on a virtual is_function() override.
Replace 20 separate Put instructions (5 PutKinds x 4 forms) with
4 unified instructions (PutById, PutByIdWithThis, PutByValue,
PutByValueWithThis), each carrying a PutKind field at runtime instead
of being a separate opcode.
This reduces the number of handler entry points in the dispatch loop
and eliminates template instantiations of put_by_property_key and
put_by_value that were being duplicated 5x each when inlined by LTO.
Intermediate classes in the initialize() chain set up prototypes and
define properties. Forgetting to call Base::initialize() in any
override would silently skip that setup.
As JS::Value is marked "trivial" without actually being trivial, make
the one user that would lead to garbage JS::Value entries provide a
default value instead.
Previously, deleting a property from a cacheable dictionary would
transition it to an uncacheable dictionary, defeating inline caching
for all subsequent property accesses on that object.
This was particularly impactful for the global object, which becomes a
dictionary due to its large number of properties. Test frameworks that
delete global properties (like test-js) would cause the global object
to become uncacheable, preventing global variable caching from working.
The fix is simple: instead of transitioning to uncacheable, we continue
using the existing remove_property_without_transition() which already
remaps all property offsets greater than the deleted offset. Combined
with the dictionary_generation counter (which is already incremented),
this ensures caches are properly invalidated while keeping the shape
cacheable for future accesses.
This adds visit_edges(Cell::Visitor&) methods to various helper structs
that contain GC pointers, and makes sure they are called from owning
GC-heap-allocated objects as needed.
These were found by our Clang plugin after expanding its capabilities.
The added rules will be enforced by CI going forward.
Instead of storing a list of builtin function objects with the realm,
just move the builtin field from NativeFunction up to FunctionObject.
Now you can ask any FunctionObject for its builtin(), and we no longer
need the get_builtin_value() API.
Fixes 10 test262 tests that were querying the realm builtins at a
bad time.
Regressed in 54b755126c.
This allows us to use the bytecode implementation of await, which
correctly suspends execution contexts and handles completion
injections.
This gains us 4 test262 tests around mutating Array.fromAsync's
iterable whilst it's suspended as well.
This is also one step towards removing spin_until, which the
non-bytecode implementation of await uses.
```
Duration:
-5.98s
Summary:
Diff Tests:
+4 ✅ -4 ❌
Diff Tests:
[...]/Array/fromAsync/asyncitems-array-add-to-singleton.js ❌ -> ✅
[...]/Array/fromAsync/asyncitems-array-add.js ❌ -> ✅
[...]/Array/fromAsync/asyncitems-array-mutate.js ❌ -> ✅
[...]/Array/fromAsync/asyncitems-array-remove.js ❌ -> ✅
```
We can use caching in a million more places. This is just me running JS
benchmarks and looking at which get() call sites were hot and putting
caches there.
Lots of nice speedups all over the place, some examples:
1.19x speedup on Octane/raytrace.js
1.13x speedup on Octane/earley-boyer.js
1.12x speedup on Kraken/ai-astar.js
1.10x speedup on Octane/box2d.js
1.08x speedup on Octane/gbemu.js
1.05x speedup on Octane/regexp.js
To speed up property access, callers of get() can now provide a lookup
cache like so:
static Bytecode::PropertyLookupCache cache;
auto value = TRY(object.get(property, cache));
Note that the cache has to be `static` or it won't make sense!
This basically brings the inline caches from our bytecode VM straight
into C++ land, allowing us to gain serious performance improvements.
The implementation shares code with the GetById bytecode instruction.
The [[Set]] operation on objects will normally end up doing
[[GetOwnProperty]] twice, but if the object and the receiver are one on
the same, we can avoid the double work.
AFAIK this is not observable via proxies or other mechanisms.
1.10x speed-up on MicroBench/object-set-with-rope-strings.js
We are often forced to convert numbers to strings inside LibJS, e.g when
iterating over the property names of an array, but it's also just a very
common operation in general.
This patch adds a 1000-entry string cache for the numbers 0-999 since
those appear to be by far the most common ones we convert.
Before this change, PropertyNameIterator (used by for..in) and
`Object::enumerable_own_property_names()` (used by `Object.keys()`,
`Object.values()`, and `Object.entries()`) enumerated an object's own
enumerable properties exactly as the spec prescribes:
- Call `internal_own_property_keys()`, allocating a list of JS::Value
keys.
- For each key, call internal_get_own_property() to obtain a
descriptor and check `[[Enumerable]]`.
While that is required in the general case (e.g. for Proxy objects or
platform/exotic objects that override `[[OwnPropertyKeys]]`), it's
overkill for ordinary JS objects that store their own properties in the
shape table and indexed-properties storage.
This change introduces `for_each_own_property_with_enumerability()`,
which, for objects where
`eligible_for_own_property_enumeration_fast_path()` is `true`, lets us
read the enumerability directly from shape metadata (and from
indexed-properties storage) without a per-property descriptor lookup.
When we cannot avoid `internal_get_own_property()`, we still
benefit by skipping the temporary `Vector<Value>` of keys and avoiding
the unnecessary round-trip between PropertyKey and Value.
We already had IC support in PutById for the following cases:
- Changing an existing own property
- Calling a setter located in the prototype chain
This was enough to speed up code where structurally identical objects
(same shape) are processed in a loop:
```js
const arr = [{ a: 1 }, { a: 2 }, { a: 3 }];
for (let obj of arr) {
obj.a += 1;
}
```
However, creating structurally identical objects in a loop was still
slow:
```js
for (let i = 0; i < 10_000_000; i++) {
const o = {};
o.a = 1;
o.b = 2;
o.c = 3;
}
```
This change addresses that by adding a new IC type that caches both the
source and target shapes, allowing property additions to be fast-pathed
by directly jumping to the shape that already includes the new property.
This has quite a lot of fall out. But the majority of it is just type or
UDL substitution, where the changes just fall through to other function
calls.
By changing property key storage to UTF-16, the main affected areas are:
* NativeFunction names must now be UTF-16
* Bytecode identifiers must now be UTF-16
* Module/binding names must now be UTF-16
Before this change each built-in iterator object has a boolean
`m_next_method_was_redefined`. If user code later changed the iterator’s
prototype (e.g. `Object.setPrototypeOf()`), we still believed the
built-in fast-path was safe and skipped the user supplied override,
producing wrong results.
With this change
`BuiltinIterator::as_builtin_iterator_if_next_is_not_redefined()` looks
up the current `next` property and verifies that it is still the
built-in native function.
- Avoids unnecessary conversions between StringOrSymbol and PropertyKey
on the hot path of property access.
- Simplifies the code by removing StringOrSymbol and using PropertyKey
directly. There was no reason to have a separate StringOrSymbol type
representing the same data as PropertyKey, just with the index key
stored as a string.
PropertyKey has been updated to use a tagged pointer instead of a
Variant, so it still occupies 8 bytes, same as StringOrSymbol.
12% improvement on JetStream/gcc-loops.cpp.js
12% improvement on MicroBench/object-assign.js
7% improvement on MicroBench/object-keys.js
By doing that we avoid lots of `PropertyKey` -> `Value` -> `PropertyKey`
transforms, which are quite expensive because of underlying
`FlyString` -> `PrimitiveString` -> `FlyString` conversions.
10% improvement on MicroBench/object-keys.js
81b6a11 regressed correctness by always bypassing the `next()` method
resolution for built-in iterators, causing incorrect behavior when
`next()` was redefined on built-in prototypes. This change fixes the
issue by storing a flag on built-in prototypes indicating whether
`next()` has ever been redefined.
This is *extremely* common on the web, but barely shows up at all in
JavaScript benchmarks.
A typical example is setting Element.innerHTML on a HTMLDivElement.
HTMLDivElement doesn't have innerHTML, so it has to travel up the
prototype chain until it finds it.
Before this change, we didn't cache this at all, so we had to travel
the prototype chain every time a setter like this was used.
We now use the same mechanism we already had for GetBydId and cache
PutById setter accesses in the prototype chain as well.
1.74x speedup on MicroBench/setter-in-prototype-chain.js
We don't need the [[Fields]] and [[PrivateMethods]] slots for most ESFO
instances, so let's reduce their impact on class size!
This shrinks ESFO from 200 bytes to 160 bytes, allowing more allocations
before we have to collect garbage.
The special empty value (that we use for array holes, Optional<Value>
when empty and a few other other placeholder/sentinel tasks) still
exists, but you now create one via JS::js_special_empty_value() and
check for it with Value::is_special_empty_value().
The main idea here is to make it very unlikely to accidentally create an
unexpected special empty value.
